- Development administration = means how we manage the process of development, including mobilizing internal, indigenous and external resources for uplifting the lives of the largest number (Prof. Roland Simbulan)
- Development diplomacy = begins with the people and it should therefore be able the protection and promotion of people's welfare all over the world. It should consider their political orientation, level of economic development, ethnic and religious diversity (Amb. Lauro Baja).
- Cultural heritage management = managing arts and cultural heritage for human development (Prof. Grace Odal)
- Economic development = economic growth + economic justice + social transformation
